Hydrogen+Cell+Power

 Jeremiah Blacklow and Mike Stellati April 8, 2010
 * //Hydrogen Cell Power //**

[1]

[2] [3]

 Molecular Concept At the “gas” station, hydrogen is pumped from hydrogen tanks and through tubes into a hydrogen car. On a molecular level, anodes are negatively charged, and cathodes are positively charged. Hydrogen is positively charged, hence, it is attracted to the anodes*, and oxygen is negatively charged, so it is attracted to the cathodes*. The hydrogen is also attracted to the oxygen, (hydrogen that is not used is stored for later usage) so the hydrogen molecules migrate towards the oxygen molecules. When hydrogen and oxygen bond, they create water (H 2 0). The chemical potential energy that both the hydrogen and oxygen possessed before they bonded to create water was transferred to the electrolyte*, and created electricity that was used to rotate a motor and spin the wheels. [1]
 * The Concept of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell* Engine: ** 

Pros and Cons:
 * Pros: **
 * Little to no fossil fuels needed
 * No emissions
 * Hydrogen is not a limited resource
 * More milage between going to pumps


 * Cons: **
 * There are less hydrogen fuel pumps
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Fossil Fuels are required to create hydrogen cells, but natural gas is a fossil fuel that can be used and produces no emmission
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Fuel cell cars remain more expensive than hybrid and plug-in cars
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hydrogen is an energy carrier, not an energy source [6]

<span style="color: #9b1823; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">The Steps to a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Car Engine: <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: right;">[1]
 * 1) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Generate hydrogen using fossil fuels
 * 2) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hydrogen and oxygen injected into tank
 * 3) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hydrogen attracted to anodes*, oxygen attracted to cathodes*
 * 4) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hydrogen attracted to oxygen
 * 5) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hydrogen + Oxygen = water (H <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 55%;">2 <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">O)
 * 6) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Energy from chemical reaction is turned into electrical energy by the electrolyte*
 * 7) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Electrical energy spins motor
 * 8) <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Motor spins wheels on car

<span style="color: #9b1823; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">C onservation of Energy:
 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">In step #1, the fossil fuels have chemical potential energy, and they create hydrogen with a chemical reaction.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Both the hydrogen and oxygen have chemical potential before they enter the tank in step #2.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Once the oxygen and hydrogen are bonded, the chemical potential they had before the bond is converted into electrical energy by the electrolyte*.


 * <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">In step #7, the electrical energy from the electrolyte is transformed into kinetic energy in the motor, and in step #8, the kinetic energy from the motor is transferred into the wheels of the car, which propels the car forward.

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<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLACf9GObVo&feature=player_embedded media type="youtube" key="LjWCXD4P3XQ" height="244" align="center" width="425"

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LjWCXD4P3XQ&feature=player_embedded

<span style="color: #9b1823; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;"> "Boeing Develops 'Phantom Eye' Hydrogen-Powered UAV" <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; text-align: center;">//[|www.fuelcelltoday.com/online/news/articles/2010-03/Boeing-Develops-HALE-Hydrogen-Po]// <span style="display: block; font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; text-align: center;"> This article describes the current progress in hydrogen fuel cells. Hydrogen fuel cell planes are being made, and Boeing has just come up with a new design, that will help the hydrogen liquid fuel last for long distances. The Phantom Eye has a 150-foot wingspan, and can fly at altitudes up to 65,000 feet for more than four days. The Phantom Eye is designed to perform missions that could include intelligence, reconnaissance, surveillance and communication. According to Darryl Davis, president of Boeing Phantom Works, the hydrogen fuel powered plane will be ready to fly early next year. [5]

<span style="color: #9b1823; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 130%; text-align: center;">Glossary <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">**Anode**: **<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; font-weight: normal;"> The negative terminal of a voltaic cell* or battery. [4] ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Cathode ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: The positive terminal of a voltaic cell or battery. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Hydrogen Fuel Cell ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: A device that creates electrical energy from the chemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. An electrochemical* energy conversion device. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Chemical Reaction ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: A process in which atoms of the same or different elements rearrange themselves to form a new substance. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Oxygen ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: A colorless, odorless, gaseous element constituting 21% of the Earth's environment. Oxygen combines with most elements, is required for combustion, and is essential for life in most organisms. When oxygen and hydrogen are mixed, water is created. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Molecule ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: The smallest physical unit of an element or compound, consisting of one or more similar atoms in an element and two or more different atoms in a compound. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Electrolyte ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: A conductor of electricity formed by a substance that is broken into ions. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Voltaic Cell ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: A cell that produces electricity through chemical actions. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif;">**<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">Electrochemical ** <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%;">: The electricity produced by a chemical reaction. [4] <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; line-height: normal;">

<span style="color: #9b1823; display: block; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','Book Antiqua',Palatino,serif; font-size: 17px; text-align: center;">Bibliography <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',Times,serif; font-size: 110%; letter-spacing: 0px;">[1] Individual Fuel Cell. 2009. AER Auto Repair. 7 Apr. 2010. <[]> [2] Edlin, Mike. Hydrogen Fuel Cell. Scienceprep.org. 8 Apr. 2010. <[]> [3] Hydrogen Electric Cars and Hydrogen Fueled Vehicles. 2007. Hydrogen- Fuel.org. 8 Apr. 2010. <[]> [4] Dictionary. 2010. Dictionary.com. 9 Apr. 2010. <[]> [5] Boeing Develops 'Phantom Eye' Hydrogen Powered UAV. 9 Mar. 2010. Fuel Cell Today. 10 Apr. 2010 <[]> [6] Kallen, Stuart A. Hydrogen Power. San Diego, CA: Reference Point Press, 2010.