Fossil+Fuel+Power

=**Fossil Fuels - Dig In **= =**By Aaron Sipser and Adrian Sands **=
 * Vocabulary: **

** Crude Oil: Obtained through drilling and then refined ** **[3]**
====** Global Warming: Scientists think that Global Warming is caused by too much carbon dioxide and methane, which is frequently through production and use of fossil fuels, on the Earth, which raises the Earths temperature. That makes ice melt, which would change the temperature in different areas. ** **[3]** ====

==== **Natural Gas: ** ====

** 4. Turbine turns the generator, which makes electricity. **

 * How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure: **

media type="youtube" key="E63AOxhC4hQ" height="340" width="560"

** Video Commercial by Spectra Energy for Natural Gas [10] **

 * Oil: **


 * How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure [4]: **

** In step 5, chemical potential turns into heat energy, which then turns into electrical energy. **
media type="youtube" key="jz7eNXyLBC4" height="385" width="480" `

**Video about the production of oil [11]**
** Coal: **

** - Cannot be used for transport purposes **
====** - High pollution levels due to coal burning, especially in older plants. Sulfur in coal creates sulphur dioxide when burnt. This becomes sulphur acid and contributes to acid rain, an irritant to the lungs and a destroyer of rain forests. **====

** Different types of coal mining [6]: **
====** Surface Mining has been the most common method of mining since the 1970's. It accounts for 60% of all mining in the world. There are several steps involved in surface mining which are frequently being updated. **====

====** Underground Mining is used when the land is too hilly or deep for surface mining. It is used mostly east of the Mississippi River, especially in the Appalachian region. Methods used vary depending on the coal seam. If the seam appears at the surface, a horizontally driven drift mine is built. If the coal seam is relatively close to the surface, a slope mine, a slanting mine from the surface to the mine, is constructed. When the coal seam is longer distance away from the surface, a shaft mine, a vertical shaft dug into the ground which is most commonly used in underground mining, is built. The pressure present in shaft mines is considerable. Often, as much as half of the coal is kept in place to support the shaft. **====

** How Coal is obtained and processed [7]: **
3. The coal is pulverized into a fine powder, mixed with air and blown into the boiler. 4. The combination of coal and air ignites in the boiler, which turns purified water being pumped through tubes inside the boiler into steam. 5. The steam turns the turbine, which spins the generator which creates electrical energy.
 * 1. Coal reserves are found and drilled into. **
 * 2. The coal is placed onto a conveyor which then feeds the coal into a pulverizer.

How the Law of Conservation of energy is represented in this procedure: In step 1, during the process of unloading the coal from the conveyor belt into the pulverizer, gravitational potential energy is transformed into kinetic energy. In step 2, the mixing of air and coal creates chemical potential energy. In step 3, chemical potential energy is turned into heat energy. In step 4, when the turbine starts turning, kinetic energy is present and it turns the generator, which makes electrical energy. ** media type="youtube" key="ZmVDu_gIpc4" height="340" width="560"

** Bibliography: **
**- [1] __Advantages and Disadvantages of Energy Resources__. Southern Polytechnic State University. April 5th 2010.  - [2] __Background__. NaturalGas.org, April 6th 2010,  - [3] Morris, Neil. __Fossil Fuels.__ North Mankota, Minnesota: Smart Apple Media, 2007. - [4] Chauvin, Dominique. __Saving Energy in the Oil and Gas Industry.__ 2007, IPIECA. April 5 2010  - [5] __The future of coal__. planete-energies.com. Apr. 7 2010. <[]> - [6] __coal energy__. 2006. Virtual Science Fair Inc. Apr. 7 2010. <[]> ** - [8] Sipser, Michael. Personal Interview, April 11 2010. - [9] __How Oil Refining Works.__ 2010. HowStuffWorks. Apr. 11 2010.  - [10] __Facts About Natural Gas. The Natural Choice.__ Spectra Energy, Sept. 16. 2009.  - [11] __Production of Oil__. EnergyTomorrow.org, Nov. 4 2008,  - [12] __Clean Coal Ad__. Americaspower.org, Oct. 9, 2008  **
 * - [7] __How a Coal-fired Power Plant Work.__, Sept. 16, 2004, Canadian Clean Power Coalition, Apr. 11 2010 